The Markets

The most important news last week may have actually happened this past weekend.

On Sunday, voters went to the polls in France, Greece, and Germany and the results could have a major impact on world markets. French voters sent incumbent president Nicholas Sarkozy packing and, instead, elected Socialist Party candidate Francois Hollande. Hollande “has pledged to shift the burden of economic hardship onto the rich and to resolve the protracted euro sovereign-debt crisis by softening the current prescription of austerity,” according to The Wall Street Journal. While his strategy is debatable, it will likely cause a rift with Germany and add uncertainty to recent eurozone agreements.

Greek voters also went to the polls and “delivered a stinging rejection of the two incumbent parties, with many people casting ballots for smaller, far-left and far-right parties,” according to the The Wall Street Journal. This, too, will likely result in more political and economic uncertainty. And in Germany, incumbent Angela Merkel’s party suffered some setbacks in state elections.

What’s leading to all the angst in Europe? Here are three things:

1. Recession fears – 11 European countries have now experienced two consecutive quarters of economic contraction.

2. Unemployment fears – the unemployment rate across the eurozone is at a record high.
 

3. Business confidence fears – April’s read on the manufacturing PMI for the eurozone – a measure of confidence among businesses – fell to the lowest since June 2009.

Sources: MarketWatch, The Guardian

The bottom line is citizens are voting for change, but “political realities will complicate even more what is an already delicate economic and financial outlook for Europe, the world’s largest economic area,” according to Mohamed El-Arian, CEO and Co-CIO of PIMCO, as reported by CNBC.

These elections show that the economic crisis that began in 2008 is still rippling throughout the world.

 Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods. Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable or not available.

 WHAT DO DOTS HAVE TO DO WITH BEING A BETTER INVESTOR? In his fascinating new book, Imagine: How Creativity Works, author Jonah Lehrer describes the creative process and what steps we can all take to be a little more creative. One of those steps is to talk to more people and expose yourself to new situations. By “colliding” more often with people who are not like you and throwing yourself into new environments (like a foreign country), your mind will come up with more new ideas than you could have thought of on your own.

And, while business owners may not like this, Lehrer’s research suggests, “The most important place in every office is not the boardroom, or the lab, or the library. It’s the coffee machine.” It’s those casual conversations with colleagues that generate new interactions and spark ideas.

This leads to an important point about investing.

Brian Uzzi, a professor at the Kellog School of Management, studied the instant messages (IM) sent by traders at a large hedge fund over an eighteen-month period. As reported in Lehrer’s book, these traders sent more than two million messages over that period and the average trader was involved in 16 different IM conversations simultaneously – talk about multitasking! Essentially, these traders were rapidly communicating with each other and trying to make sense of the latest news so they could profitably trade on it.

As summarized by Lehrer, Uzzi concluded, “The best traders were the most connected, and people who carried on more IM conversations and sent more messages also made more money.” Further, Uzzi said, “The act of investing is like solving a difficult puzzle. These traders are trying to connect the dots. Because the traders are listening to their network, they manage to accomplish what they could never have done by themselves.”

In essence, successful investing partly relies on “connecting the dots” of information that bombard us. While we’re not day traders like the people Uzzi studied at the hedge fund, the concept of connecting the dots still applies – albeit on a much longer timeframe. And, to connect the dots, we have a large network of colleagues who can help us separate the daily noise from what’s truly meaningful.

Weekly Focus – Think About It

 “Everyone who’s ever taken a shower has had an idea. It’s the person who gets out of the shower, dries off, and does something about it who makes a difference.” –Nolan Bushnell, founder of Atari, Inc. and Chuck E. Cheese’s Pizza-Time Theaters

The Markets

A trillion here, a trillion there and, pretty soon, you have a nice market rally.

Through a program called quantitative easing, central banks around the world have flooded the world economy with the equivalent of trillions of U.S. dollars. Quantitative easing involves central banks making large-scale purchases of debt – usually government or mortgage debt – and paying for that debt by creating money out of thin air, according to The New York Times. The hope (and remember, hope is not an investment strategy) is that with more money sloshing around the global economy, interest rates will drop and that will stimulate demand and increase economic growth.

If all goes according to plan, the economy will recover and then the central banks will sell the bonds they purchased and “destroy” the money they received for selling the bonds. When the whole cycle is completed, the net effect is no new money is created, according to the BBC. Optimists say this is an appropriate activity for central banks when the economy faces major hurdles. Pessimists say the central banks are unlikely to turn off the spigot and we could end up with runaway inflation.

And, yes, it’s a big spigot. Just between the U.S. and the United Kingdom, more than 2.5 trillion dollars of new money has been created since 2008, according to Reuters and the BBC.

On top of that, the European Central Bank made more than 1 trillion euro available to banks in the form of cheap three-year loans in just the past few months. The hope (there’s that word again) is that banks will use this money to lend and invest, and, thereby, boost the economy, according to Bloomberg.

All this “easy money” has helped fuel a strong start to many of the world’s stock markets this year. The big question is, will this easy money be the bridge that gets the world economy back on a self-sustaining growth path or is it simply keeping the patient addicted to an unsustainable monetary policy?

Effectively answering questions like this keeps our job very interesting!

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

QUANTITATIVE EASING HAS LED TO A STEALTH “TAX” ON SAVERS in what’s been called “financial repression,” according to Bloomberg. As mentioned above, one goal of quantitative easing is to lower interest rates. On that score, it’s succeeded since interest rates are super low all along the yield curve. Unfortunately, there’s a problem with that – interest rates on many bonds and savings accounts are lower than the rate of inflation. This means savers are losing purchasing power (the stealth tax) while debtors are able to pay back their debts in inflated (i.e., “cheaper”) dollars. Savers are effectively being “financially repressed.”

The public debt of the U.S. is more than $15 trillion, according to the Treasury Department. The annual interest expense on that mountain of debt is more than $400 billion. Not surprisingly, the government wants to keep interest rates low because that will keep their interest payments low. Also, by tolerating some inflation, that debt pile can be paid back in inflated dollars. So, who loses in this deal? It’s the diligent American saver who lives below their means and has to endure very little interest on their savings.

Government policy makers are well aware that their actions are, to some extent, helping debtors at the expense of savers. They also know that in this complicated, global economy, there’s no easy way to make everybody happy and still get us out of the fiscal hole we’re in. Knowing that, we’ll keep doing our best to help you prosper.  

Weekly Focus – Just for Fun

If you could spend one year traveling around the U.S. and Canada, how many different bird species do you think you could see? Well, there’s actually an informal competition that does just that and it’s called a Big Year. Last year, a movie starring Steve Martin, Jack Black, and Owen Wilson chronicled the Big Year exploits of three men who tried to set a new Big Year record in 1998. Sure enough, one of the men set a new record of seeing 748 bird species that year. Check out the movie and you’ll never look at birding quite the same.

The Markets

An important key to support the stock market is starting to fall into place.

You may have guessed that key is JOBS. Last week, the Labor Department reported an increase of 227,000 new jobs in February. Over the past six months, 1.2 million new jobs have been created – the highest six-month total since 2006. More jobs could lead to more spending which could boost corporate sales, earnings, and, possibly, stock prices.

While the recent employment numbers look pretty good, leave it to Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke to rain on the parade. In testimony to Congress on February 29, he said, “Notwithstanding the better recent data, the job market remains far from normal: The unemployment rate remains elevated, long-term unemployment is still near record levels, and the number of persons working part-time for economic reasons is very high.”

On a different note, last week marked the three-year anniversary of the March 9, 2009 stock market low. Since the low: 

• The S&P 500 index has risen just over 100 percent
• Corporate operating earnings per share have risen just under 100 percent
• Corporate revenue per share has risen a meager 1 percent

Source: Barron’s

So, how can corporate earnings nearly double while corporate revenue barely budges? The answer… cost cutting – and a big chunk of the cost cutting came from whacking jobs. Even though we’ve added over a million jobs in the past six months, we’re still down about six million jobs from the peak, according to Barron’s.

The good news is the recent spurt in job growth may suggest that corporations have about reached the limit of cutting jobs and now have to add staff to support even small gains in revenue growth.

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

THE AGGREGATE NET WORTH OF U.S. HOUSEHOLDS WAS $58.5 TRILLION at the end of last year, according to data from the Federal Reserve Flow of Funds report. To put that number in context, household net worth peaked at $66.8 trillion in the third quarter of 2007. It hit a five-year low of $50.5 trillion in the first quarter of 2009 – the same quarter as the bear market low, according to Bloomberg.

The aggregate net worth of U.S. households is still $8.3 trillion below the all-time high set back in 2007.

Net worth is the difference between total assets and total liabilities. Investment holdings and real estate typically account for the bulk of households’ assets so any change in the financial or real estate markets can cause big swings in net worth.

Parsing the data a bit further shows these two interesting numbers:

1. Household debt as a percent of disposable income fell to 113 percent at the end of last year. This ratio peaked at 130 percent in 2007 and has been steadily declining. It’s good to see this number drop because it means households are deleveraging and have more income to support their debt level, according to The Wall Street Journal. 
2. Debt payments as a percent of households’ after-tax income (the debt-service ratio), fell to a 17-year low of 11.1 percent. Again, a lower number is better because this means consumers are allocating less of their monthly income to pay off debts. With more money left over, they can spend it on things that could propel the economy.

Some of the decline in these debt ratios may be due to the debts being written off as opposed to consumers actually having the money to pay them off. Either way, household balance sheets seem to be improving.

We don’t want to get too caught up in numbers here because that can distract from the key point which is this – consumers are deleveraging, they’re spending less of their income paying off debts, and that may bode well for the economy. 

Weekly Focus – How to Innovate

Some of the most innovative new ideas are developed by simply connecting an existing idea to something new says author Jonah Lehrer. For example, the Wright Brothers were bicycle manufacturers whose first plane was akin to a bicycle with wings. Johannes Gutenberg used his knowledge of wine presses to create the printing press. And, more recently, the founders of Google took the existing idea of ranking the importance of academic articles by the number of citations and applied it to their search engine algorithm. The result – web pages that have lots of other web pages linking to it tend to score high in a Google search.

The next time you need to come up with a creative solution to a problem, try taking an idea from an unrelated field and apply it to your situation. Who knows, it might become the next billion-dollar idea!

The Markets

It may not feel like it, but the U.S. stock market is off to its best start to the year since 1991, according to CNBC.

With a rise of 8.9 percent for the year, the S&P 500 index has now risen eight of the last nine weeks. Some analysts cite improving economic data, solid corporate earnings, and a stronger job picture for the bubbling stock market, according to Reuters.

But, before we get too carried away, the S&P 500 index would still need to rise about 15 percent to match its all-time record high of 1,565 hit back on October 9, 2007, according to The Wall Street Journal. The gap is not as wide if you reinvested dividends since October 2007. On that score, the S&P would be just 3.5 percent below its all-time high.

If you look at the broad stock market as measured by the Wilshire 5000 index, which tracks more than 3,700 U.S. stocks, we’re at a record high. That index eked out an all-time record high last week assuming reinvested dividends, according to The Wall Street Journal. So, from the market’s peak in October 2007 to the trough in March 2009 and back to the peak in March 2012, it was a long and winding road of about 4½ years.

We talk about the importance of thinking long-term and this market cycle round-trip is a great example of what we mean. Things looked bleak near the bottom in early 2009, but here we are three years later and the market has surged and the economy seems to be healing. Patience is indeed a virtue.

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

CAN WE LEARN FROM OTHER PEOPLE’S WISDOM? The answer to that question is yes since no one of us is as smart as all of us. With that in mind, here are eight tidbits of investment advice from Jeremy Grantham, the co-founder and chief investment strategist of GMO, a $97 billion global investment management firm.

1. Believe in history. While past performance is no guarantee of future results, we should pay heed to history and avoid using the words “this time is different.” As the old Wall Street saw goes, “history doesn’t repeat itself, but it rhymes.
2. “Neither a lender nor a borrower be.” Don’t borrow money to invest. If you do, “it will interfere with your survivability.
3. Don’t put all of your treasure in one boat. This is investing 101 and it’s a basic tenet of sound investment practices.
4. Be patient and focus on the long term. Another piece of sound advice that is easier said than done – but it is well worth striving toward.
5. Try to contain natural optimism. While optimism may be a good survival characteristic, it can get in the way of good investment results. How? If you’re too optimistic, you may dismiss bearish news and go down with a sinking ship while those who had their eyes and ears open reached out for the lifeboat.
6. But on rare occasions, try hard to be brave. There may be times when it makes sense to be bolder than normal. If the odds look stacked in your favor, Grantham says it might make sense to be brave.
7. Resist the crowd: cherish numbers only. It’s easy to get caught up in the euphoria of a crowd – that’s how manias get rolling. But, as an investor, you have to put your analytical hat on, ignore the crowd, and sharpen your pencil (or calculator or computer!).
8. “This above all: to thine own self be true.” In order to succeed as an investor Grantham says, “It is utterly imperative that you know your limitations as well as your strengths and weaknesses. If you can be patient and ignore the crowd, you will likely win. But to imagine you can, and to then adopt a flawed approach that allows you to be seduced or intimidated by the crowd into jumping in late or getting out early is to guarantee a pure disaster. You must know your pain and patience thresholds accurately and not play over your head.”

While there are many top 10 lists of how to be a better investor, these eight from Grantham are a nice place to start.  

Weekly Focus – Think About It

“Risks must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing.” –Leo Buscaglia, Ph.D., professor, New York Times bestselling author

The Markets

It’s been rather calm in the stock market lately.

For the past couple years, the euro zone debt problems and the “will we or won’t we relapse into a recession” worry have been on center stage. Now, Europe’s immediate liquidity issue has been patched and the U.S. economy seems to be on firmer footing. Accordingly, the stock market has responded to these developments and, last week, the S&P 500 index closed at its highest level in more than 3½ years, according to The New York Times.

Fear has declined, too. The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), widely considered the best gauge of fear in the market, ended last week at about 17. That’s down from 48 reached last August and well below the 22-year average of 20.6, according to CNBC and Bloomberg. A low VIX suggests investors are less fearful of near-term market volatility.

Are there any worries on the horizon that could upset this calm?

Oil prices are one thing to keep an eye on. They rose 6 percent last week and closed at nearly $110 per barrel. Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East contributed to the rise as Iran is reportedly within sight of creating a nuclear bomb. That, of course, creates major headaches not only for the Middle East, but for the world in general.

On top of that, “There’s also an oil pipeline dispute between Sudan and South Sudan in northeastern Africa; unrest in Syria, Yemen, and Nigeria; varying levels of tribal infighting in Iraq and Libya; and the possibility of leadership issues in Venezuela, where the president is undergoing his third surgery for an undisclosed type of cancer,” according to The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

So far, the stock market hasn’t flinched in the face of these flashpoints. However, an unexpected turn for the worse in any of these areas could trip the markets. And, since the S&P 500 index has more than doubled in value since the March 9, 2009 low, according to The New York Times, it might not take much to trigger a market correction.

As a financial advisor, we know that there is always something to worry about. Frankly, it’s our job to worry about what could go wrong so you don’t have to. The good news is, as a country we always seem to find a way to overcome whatever obstacle is thrown our way.

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

INVESTORS TEND TO GET CAUGHT UP IN THE DAY-TO-DAY NOISE of the financial markets even though the markets often move in long secular cycles that can last more than a decade. For example, let’s look at interest rates.

At the end of 1964, the 10-year U.S. Treasury note yielded 4.2 percent. Over the following nearly 17 years, the yield rose until it peaked at 15.8 percent in September 1981, according to Bloomberg. During that span, the yield fluctuated significantly (the noise), but the long-term secular trend was a rising interest rate environment.

Since that peak in September 1981, the yield on the 10-year Treasury has been in a more than 30-year long-term secular decline. In fact, the yield was a slim 2.0 percent last week – well below 1964’s 4.2 percent. This decline was interrupted by numerous interest rate increases along the way (the noise), but the long-term trend was a decline in rates.

Turning to the stock market, it also exhibited significant moves during these two interest rate cycles.

From the end of 1964 to the end of 1981, the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose from 874 to 875. That’s no misprint. Over that 17-year period, the Dow rose exactly 1 point. In other words, it went nowhere. However, during that period, it rose as high as 1,052 and dropped as low as 578, according to Bloomberg. Here, the long-term secular trend in the equity market was to move sideways with lots of noise in between.

Fast forward to 1982. From its low in August that year, the Dow Jones Industrial Average took off on a 17+ year secular bull market that saw the Dow rise 15-fold, according to Bloomberg. And, yes, there was lots of noise during that 17-year bull run including the 22 percent decline – in one day on Black Monday – October 19, 1987.

Here’s the takeaway – markets are very noisy. While we monitor what happens in the short-term, we want you to focus on the long-term. Day-to-day fluctuations may top the headlines, but it’s the long-term trends that you should pay attention to.  

Weekly Focus – Think About It

“Only put off until tomorrow what you are willing to die having left undone.” –Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor

The Markets

Valentine’s Day is over, but there’s still a “whole lotta love” swirling around the stock market these days.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed last week at its highest level since May 2008 while the S&P 500 is knocking on the door of its highest close in almost four years, according to The Wall Street Journal. The gains were driven by optimism that Greece will get another bailout and better-than-estimated data on jobless claims, manufacturing, and housing, according to Bloomberg.

Even though the market has been rising, potential party spoilers abound.

You may have noticed the last time you filled your car gas prices are on the rise again. In fact, CNBC reported gas prices are at a record high for this time of year. The report says gas prices could hit an all-time record high this spring.

Gas prices aren’t the only thing on the rise. Tensions in Iran and the Middle East are stoking a rise in oil prices. Together, higher gas and oil prices could take a bite out of consumer and corporate wallets.

Over the weekend in Asia, China announced a change in its banking system reserve ratio in an effort to spur lending and economic growth. This monetary easing comes on the heels of a report that shows housing prices declined in 47 out of 70 major Chinese cities in January. Housing has been a strong economic engine for China for years and any slowdown there could cause problems.

Across the pond, new numbers show that Italy, Greece, Portugal, the Netherlands, and Belgium are now officially in recession, according to The Wall Street Journal. Even mighty Germany saw its economy slightly contract in the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to the third quarter.

Despite these negatives, the market seems to be climbing the proverbial “wall of worry.” Whether it will scale this wall and stay on top or fail to reach the top and retreat remains to be seen.

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

HOW MUCH INCOME WOULD YOU NEED to feel “rich?” Gallup recently conducted a poll and discovered that the median income needed by Americans to feel rich was $150,000. That is three times the roughly $50,000 median annual household income of Americans.

Probing a little deeper, the survey results revealed the following interesting points:

1)   15 percent of the respondents said they needed to earn $1 million or more to feel rich while 30 percent said $100,000 or less would make them feel rich.

2)   Women said they needed $100,000 per year to feel rich while men needed $150,000.

3)   College graduates needed $200,000 to feel rich while non-college graduates needed $100,000.

In a separate question, Gallup asked Americans how much net worth they would need to feel rich. The median response was $1 million.

So there you have it – to feel rich in America the average American needs either $150,000 in annual income or $1 million in net worth.

Now, let’s contrast that with our tax laws. The highest marginal tax rate starts when single filers or married couples filing jointly reach $379,150 in taxable income. That’s quite a bit above the median $150,000 number that was reported by Americans to make them feel rich. 

According to Gallup, “The question of the point at which someone becomes rich certainly has policy implications in the United States. Gallup finds Americans now about evenly divided on whether the rich, broadly speaking, should be heavily taxed.”

You can expect to hear a lot more about tax policy during the upcoming elections later this year.

Weekly Focus – Think About It

Did you ever notice that when you put the words “The” and “IRS” together, it spells “THEIRS?” –Author Unknown

The Markets

Who should you believe, Warren Buffett or Bill Gross?

Buffett and Gross are generally recognized as two of the world’s greatest investors. Buffett made his name in equities while Gross made his name in bonds as the head of Pimco, a trillion-dollar money management company. Both have outstanding multi-decade track records and both are billionaires.

Yet, today, they disagree on the merits of investing in “currency-based investments” such as money-market funds, bonds, mortgages, bank deposits, and other instruments.

Buffett says these investments “are among the most dangerous of assets. Their beta may be zero, but their risk is huge.” Further, he says, “Right now bonds should come with a warning label,” according to a February 9 Fortune magazine article.

His beef with currency-based investments is they do not protect you from the risk of inflation. You may get your principal back plus interest, but, in times of high inflation, your “real” return may not keep up with inflation and you could lose purchasing power.

Gross, on the other hand, has piled into bonds in a big way.

After dumping all of his U.S. government debt securities in early 2010, Gross has steadily built it back up according to Bloomberg.

Gross favors government securities in the 5- to 7-year maturity range because of the Federal Reserve’s pledge to keep short-term rates low.

Okay, how do you reconcile the divergent views of two outstanding investors? Quite likely it’s a matter of timing. Buffett is probably looking at a 7- to 10-year time horizon and, in that scenario, bonds might lose purchasing power and could experience capital losses if interest rates rise and bond prices decline.

Gross, though, is probably thinking shorter term. With the Fed’s pledge to keep interest rates low for the next couple years and the economy still stuck in slow motion, the risk of bond prices declining and inflation rising rapidly in the short term may be manageable.

Bottom line, it’s not just your outlook that matters, it’s also important to know the timeframe for your outlook.  

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

WHAT IF the keepers of the Dow Jones Industrial Average added Apple to the index in 2009 instead of Cisco Systems? This is not just a hypothetical exercise; rather, it makes an important point about using indices to measure overall market performance.

In June 2009, General Motors and Citigroup were removed from the Dow 30 average and replaced by Cisco and Travelers Cos, according to Bloomberg. At the time, Cisco was trading at about $19.50 per share. Last week, Cisco traded at about $20.00 per share – essentially no change in nearly three years. By contrast, Apple was trading at about $143 per share in June 2009 and closed last week near $500 per share.

Unlike most other market indexes, the Dow Jones Industrial Average is a “price weighted” index, which means stocks with a higher price (e.g., Apple) have greater impact than lower-priced stocks (e.g., Cisco).

So, taking a look at the woulda, shoulda, coulda, Bespoke Investment Group recalculated where the Dow would be if Apple was added to the index in 2009 instead of Cisco. They discovered that instead of the Dow being in the 12,800 range last week, it hypothetically would have been near 14,600 – an all-time record high.

Notice how one stock could have made nearly a 2,000 point difference in the Dow index in less than three years. Of course, the reverse is also true. A stock could have been added to the Dow in 2009 and gone down the last couple years and taken the Dow down with it.

Here’s the point. We tend to think of indexes are representing “the market,” but, in reality, they represent the keepers of the indexes representation of the market. There’s human intervention in some of these indexes and that could greatly influence their performance.

In the end, the only index that matters is your index – the one that measures your progress toward reaching your goals. That’s the index we try to beat.  

Weekly Focus – Think About It

“One must maintain a little bit of summer, even in the middle of winter.” — Henry David Thoreau, author, poet, philosopher

The Markets

How do you spell market rally? How about “Jobs.”

A much higher than expected 243,000 jobs were added to our economy in January and that helped push the Dow Jones Industrial Average to its highest close since May 2008, according to Bloomberg. On top of that, the unemployment rate dropped to 8.3 percent – the lowest since February 2009.

More good economic news came from the services sector as the pace of growth in January accelerated to its highest level in nearly a year, according to the widely followed index from The Institute of Supply Management and reported by CNBC.

While the overall economy has gained some momentum lately, the housing market is still stuck in the gutter. According to data released last week, the S&P/Case-Shiller index of home prices in 20 major cities declined 3.7 percent in the 12 months ending November 2011. Since its 2006 peak, average homes prices in the index have dropped 33 percent and prices are now back to where they were in mid-2003.

On the bright side, if you’re looking to buy a house or refinance, now is a great time. The average rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage fell to 3.87 percent last week. That’s an all-time record low, according to MarketWatch.

Overall, after a scare back in the fall of 2011, the economy seems to be gaining steam and stock prices have reflected that. The big question remains… is this sustainable growth or is it temporarily driven by government stimulus and intervention? 

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods. Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable or not available.

CAN THE INTERSECTION OF TWO MOVING AVERAGES foretell the future direction of the stock market? Chart watchers like to follow what’s called the 50-day moving average (50 DMA) and the 200-day moving average (200 DMA). These are lines which plot the closing price of the S&P 500 index for the last 50 and 200 days. When a new day is added, the oldest day is dropped off, hence the term “moving” average.

The 200 DMA is supposed to reflect the longer-term “wave” or trend in the market while the shorter 50 DMA captures the shorter-term trend or momentum. How these two lines move relative to each other is what gets chart watchers excited.

Last week, the 50 DMA crossed above the slower moving 200 DMA. Market technicians refer to this as a “golden cross.” In layman’s terms it’s considered a bullish market signal, according to CNBC. In fact, Birinyi Associates said that in the 26 instances since 1962 when the 50 DMA crossed above the 200 DMA, the market was higher six months later 81 percent of the time.

Not surprisingly, when the 50 DMA crosses below the 200 DMA, there’s a name for that, too. It’s called a “death cross” and it’s supposed to signal bad times ahead. However, the last two “death crosses,” which occurred on August 15, 2011 and July 2, 2010, were not very prescient, according to The Wall Street Journal.

And, we can get further carried away with the funny technical names by throwing in the “Hindenburg Omen.” By its very name you can tell it’s not something you want to see in the markets, and, we’re happy to report, it is not being signaled right now.

Okay, does all this technical stuff really matter? It matters to the extent that some serious market participants invest based on these technical signals and their buying and selling based on these signals may affect the markets.

So, whether you believe in this type of market analysis or not, it may be helpful to at least be aware of it. 

Weekly Focus – Does this make sense?

Of our five senses, which one do you think is most important? Interestingly, if brain space indicates the importance of a sense, then vision is the most important. According to The National Geographic Society, roughly 30 percent of neurons in the brain’s cortex are devoted to vision. By contrast, just 8 percent are devoted for touch and 2 percent for hearing.

The Markets

At its most basic level, a trade takes place when a buyer is willing to buy at a certain price and a seller is willing to sell at that price. Both parties could be smart, experienced, and looking at the same data, yet somehow one party thinks it’s a good price to buy and the other thinks it’s a good price to sell.

Last week, several news items represented good examples of how investors could look at the same data and draw different conclusions. Consider these:

1. Gross domestic product rose at a 2.8 percent pace in the October through December period.

Bullish investors say that’s up from 1.8 percent the previous quarter and the fastest pace in a year and a half.

Bearish investors say it’s less than the 3.0 percent growth expected by economists and most of the growth was due to inventory accumulation.

Source: MarketWatch 

2.      The International Monetary Fund (IMF) cut its forecast for global economic growth in 2012 and 2013.

Bullish investors say fears are overblown as private-sector economic activity in the 17-nation euro zone showed small, but unexpected, growth in January and durable-goods orders were up a strong 3.0 percent in December in the U.S. – the third straight increase.

Bearish investors say just heed the IMF’s warning, “Global growth prospects dimmed and risks sharply escalated during the fourth quarter of 2011, as the euro-area crisis entered a perilous new phase.”

Source: MarketWatch

3.      Spanish and Italian bond yields dropped dramatically lately.

Bullish investors say the drop in yields and the strong demand in January’s bond auctions suggest the euro zone crisis is easing.

Bearish investors say the Portuguese bond market is now imploding, the Greek restructuring could fall apart, and the European Central Bank’s December offer of unlimited three-year loans to banks has simply delayed the inevitable day of reckoning.

Source: The Wall Street Journal

It’s differences of opinion like this that make markets. Thanks to the free market, there always seems to be a buyer for every seller – at a price.

Like Joni Mitchell who sang, “I’ve looked at life from both sides now,” we look at the markets from both the bullish and bearish sides and, ultimately, make decisions which we think will best position you to meet your long-term goals and objectives.

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

WHAT WORRIES AMERICANS THE MOST about the national economy? Here’s the top 10 answers and the percentage who said it, according to an early January Gallup survey.

1. Jobs/unemployment  - 26%
2. National debt/Federal budget deficit - 16%
3. Continuing economic decline/economic instability – 10%
4. Outsourcing of jobs overseas/creating jobs in U.S. – 6%
5. Obama not doing a good job/no plan/lack of leadership  - 5%
6. Political bickering/Congress  - 4%
7. Healthcare/Medicaid - 3%                   
8. Corporate corruption/corporations run the government – 3%
9. Housing crisis – 3%
10. The future of our children - 2%
11. Eight other responses also checked in at 2 percent

The top two items are not really a surprise, but what’s revealing is how low some “important” issues ranked. Taxes, recession, social security, gas prices, education affordability, and the divide between rich and poor (think Occupy Wall Street) all pulled just 2 percent. The stock market and interest rates barely made the list at 1 percent each and ranking 21^st and 25^th, respectively, out of 26 on the full list.

Interestingly, if we can resolve the two biggest items on the list – the jobs and debt situations – it would most likely also resolve the third item on the list – continuing economic decline.

Do you think the politicians are listening?

(Note: responses total more than 100 percent due to multiple answers.)

Weekly Focus – Just for fun: How to Turn a Watch into a Compass

Let’s assume that you are lost in the wilderness, but you have a watch that still works. You can easily find the cardinal points by pointing the hour hand at the sun. Then form an imaginary line directly through the center of the “wedge” that is created between the hour hand and 12 o’clock. This is your south–north line. The height of the sun in the sky and the time of day will then show you which end of the line is north and which is south, remembering that the sun sets in the west and rises in the east. Try this at home first!

–Bear Grylls, survivalist, TV host, adapted from his 2008 book, “Man vs. Wild”

The Markets

We’re only three weeks into the New Year and already some very interesting trends have developed in the markets. Consider these four:

1. The worst performing stocks in 2011 have been the best performing in 2012. Bespoke Investment Group did an analysis and discovered that the 50 worst performing stocks in the S&P 500 in 2011 were up a whopping 11.2 percent YTD 2012 as of last Wednesday. By contrast, the 50 best performing stocks in 2011 were up only 2.1 percent so far in 2012. What a difference a “turn of the calendar” makes
2. U.S. Treasury securities are off to their worst start in nine years. With improvements in the employment situation, housing sales hitting an 11-month high and a reprieve in the European debt problem, investors have less need for conservative treasuries and a bigger appetite for riskier stocks, according to Bloomberg and CNBC. At the moment, investors seem to be saying, “risk on.
3. U.S. stocks rose for the third consecutive week and are near a six-month high. Despite a decidedly mixed start to the 4^th quarter earnings season, stocks have roared out of the gate this year and are now up 20 percent from the October 2011 low, according to Reuters. Of course, too much euphoria could lead to disappointment later.
4. The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) declined nearly 22 percent in the first three weeks of this year. The big decline in the VIX suggests investors are less fearful about near-term market volatility, according to CNBC. In fact, the VIX is down to a seven-month low, according to Reuters. While the markets may be calm now, we’re not complacent.

Trends come and go in the market, but one thing that stays constant is our diligence in helping you reach your goals.

Notes: S&P 500, DJ Global ex US, Gold, DJ-UBS Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; the DJ Equity All REIT TR Index does include reinvested dividends and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.

Sources: Yahoo! Finance, Barron’s, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.  Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.  N/A means not applicable.

WHY IS IT THAT CONSERVATIVES TEND TO WATCH FOX NEWS and those with more liberal leanings tend to watch MSNBC? Psychologists would tell us it’s because of what they call “confirmation bias.” Confirmation bias is the tendency of humans to seek information that confirms an already held belief or opinion and to avoid or discount information that might contradict an existing belief or opinion.

This concept also applies to investing and it’s very important to avoid it as much as possible.

For example, let’s say we’re really bullish on theU.S.stock market. If we let confirmation bias cloud our judgment, then during our research, we would tend to read the reports that support our bullish view of the market and let that reinforce our decision to be bullish. By contrast, we would tend to avoid reading the reports that are bearish, or, if we do read them, we would come up with reasons why they were wrong.

When we’re under the spell of confirmation bias, it’s easy to miss turning points because we’re stuck on our current belief or opinion and won’t change even when we see contradicting evidence. That, of course, would be bad for your long-term wealth.

How strong is the confirmation bias pull?

A 2009 meta study published by the American Psychological Association reviewed 91 studies in the area of confirmation bias and concluded that people were nearly two times as likely to seek information which supported their existing view than to seek information which contradicted their current view. That’s a strong pull!

How do we overcome this pull?

Here are two keys that could help:

1. Acknowledge that confirmation bias exists. Knowing that it exists helps us try to avoid falling into its trap.
2. Actively seek contradictory opinions. This is another way of asking what could go wrong with an investment and then doing our best to ensure we understand the “other side of the coin.”

So, in addition to making a “rational” case for an investment, we have to make sure we avoid letting psychological biases get in the way.

Weekly Focus – Think About It

“If you take emotion – would be, could be, should be – out of it, and look at what is, and quantify it, I think you have a big advantage over most human beings.”

–John W. Henry, trading advisor, principal owner of Boston Red Sox